Coronary angiography is a specialised medical procedure used to visualize the inside of coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart. This diagnostic tool is crucial in detecting and evaluating heart conditions, especially coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of heart attacks. It offers a clear view of coronary artery health, aiding in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of heart diseases, significantly impacting patient care and outcomes.
The procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or wrist. The catheter is carefully guided through the vascular system to the coronary arteries. Once in position, a contrast dye is injected through the catheter, making the coronary arteries visible on X-ray images. These images, called angiograms, provide detailed views of the inside of the arteries, revealing blockages, narrowing, or other abnormalities.
Coronary angiography is recommended when non-invasive tests are inconclusive or if there's a high suspicion of significant coronary artery disease. It's also used in emergency settings, like during a heart attack, to quickly identify and treat blockages. Additionally, it guides therapeutic procedures like angioplasty and stent placement.
The procedure is generally safe, with a low risk of serious complications. However, risks include bleeding at the catheter insertion site, allergic reactions to the contrast dye, and rare cases of artery damage. Patients are usually awake during the procedure but are given medications to relax.
Post-procedure, patients may feel some discomfort at the insertion site and are usually advised to avoid strenuous activities for a short period. Results from coronary angiography provide valuable information that helps in making informed decisions about heart care, including lifestyle changes, medications, or more invasive treatments like surgery.