Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a vital surgical procedure aimed at preventing strokes by removing plaque buildup
from the carotid arteries, the major blood vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain. This procedure is critical
in the management of carotid artery disease, a condition where these arteries become narrowed or blocked due to
atherosclerosis, the buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances.
The main purpose of CEA is to reduce the risk of stroke, which can occur when the carotid arteries are significantly
narrowed or when pieces of plaque break off and travel to the brain. The procedure is particularly recommended for
patients who have experienced symptoms of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a minor stroke and have significant
narrowing (usually more than 70%) of the carotid arteries.
CEA involves making an incision along the front of the neck, opening the affected carotid artery, and removing the
plaque. Once the plaque is removed, the artery is repaired with sutures or a patch made from a vein or synthetic
material. The surgery typically requires general anesthesia and involves a hospital stay.
The benefits of CEA are well-established, particularly in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. It significantly
reduces the risk of future strokes in these patients. The risk of complications is generally low, but it's important for
patients to be evaluated by experts, including a neurologist and a vascular surgeon, to determine if they are suitable
candidates for the surgery.
Patients undergoing CEA require careful postoperative monitoring and management. They are prescribed
medications to prevent blood clots and manage other cardiovascular risk factors. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting
smoking, eating a healthy diet, and regular exercise, are recommended to prevent further atherosclerotic disease.