Mesenteric artery bypass is a surgical procedure aimed at restoring blood flow to the intestines. This procedure
becomes necessary when there is significant blockage in the mesenteric arteries, which are responsible for
supplying blood to the small and large intestines. Such blockages are often due to atherosclerosis, where plaque
builds up inside the artery walls, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. Mesenteric artery bypass restores normal
blood flow to the intestines, alleviates symptoms, and significantly improves the quality of life for patients.
Patients requiring mesenteric artery bypass usually present with symptoms like chronic abdominal pain, particularly
after eating, unintended weight loss, and sometimes, digestive issues. These symptoms are collectively known as
"intestinal angina" and occur because the intestines are not receiving enough blood to function properly, especially
after meals when more blood is needed for digestion.
The procedure involves creating a new pathway for blood to flow to the intestines, bypassing the blocked areas of
the mesenteric arteries. This is achieved by using an autologous graft, which can be a portion of one of the patient’s
veins or a synthetic tube. The surgeon attaches one end of the graft above the blockage and the other end below it,
allowing blood to flow freely through the graft and into the intestines. Mesenteric artery bypass can be performed as
an open surgery or, in some cases, using minimally invasive techniques. The choice of technique depends on the
patient's overall health, the severity and location of the blockage, and other individual factors.
Recovery from mesenteric artery bypass varies depending on the individual and the type of procedure performed.
Patients can generally expect a hospital stay and a period of restricted activity as they heal. The success rate of the
surgery is high, and it effectively relieves symptoms in most patients.
Long-term management after the surgery includes lifestyle modifications to prevent further atherosclerosis, such as
diet changes, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure.
Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor the success of the bypass and the overall health of the patient.