Thymus gland is located in the upper part of chest beneath the breastbone and plays a crucial role in the immune
system during early childhood. It is involved in the development of T-lymphocytes or T-cells, which are essential for
adaptive immune responses. However, in adulthood, the thymus loses much of its functionality.
Surgery for the thymus, typically known as thymectomy, is a surgical procedure performed to remove the thymus
gland. This surgery is most commonly performed for the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disorder,
but it can also be indicated for thymomas, tumors of the thymus gland, or other thymic abnormalities. Thymectomy
offers potential benefits, especially for patients with myasthenia gravis or thymoma.
There are different approaches to thymectomy: Transsternal thymectomy(through an incision in the chest wall), Transcervical thymectomy(through an incision in the neck), Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomyminimally invasive technique.
The choice of technique depends on factors such as the size and location of the thymus or tumor, the patient’s
overall health, and the surgeon’s experience. Recovery from thymectomy varies based on the surgical approach.
Minimally invasive techniques typically allow for quicker recovery, less pain, and shorter hospital stays compared to
open surgery. Risks associated with thymectomy include bleeding, infection, and damage to nearby organs and
structures.
For patients with thymoma, the removal of the thymus is critical as these tumors can be malignant and spread to
other parts of the body. In such cases, thymectomy may be combined with other treatments like radiation or
chemotherapy. The decision to undergo the surgery should be made after thorough consultation with healthcare
professionals, considering the individual's specific condition and health profile.